添加调试

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:dev-ubuntu-20.04  
 
-# 安装 build-essential  
+# 安装 build-essential 和调试工具
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-#清理 apt 缓存  
+    build-essential \
+    gdb \          # 添加GDB调试器
+    gcc \
+    make && \
+    # 清理 apt 缓存  
     apt-get autoremove -y && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  
 
-# 设置工作目录（可选）  
+# 设置工作目录
-WORKDIR /workspace  
+WORKDIR /workspace
 
-# 可以添加其他的自定义设置，比如复制源代码等  
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
-
-CMD ["/bin/bash"] # 可以添加默认命令，比如进入 bash 

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
 {
     "name": "DevContainerExample",
-
     "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:dev-ubuntu-20.04",
+    "postCreateCommand": "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y gdb && make",
     "customizations": {
-      "vscode": {
+        "vscode": {
-        "settings": {},
+            "settings": {
-        "extensions": [
+                "debug.onTaskErrors": "debugAnyway"
-        ]
+            },
-      }
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-vscode.cpptools"
+            ]
+        }
     },
     "portsAttributes": {
-      "3000": {
+        "3000": {
-        "label": "Web Server",
+            "label": "Web Server",
-        "onAutoForward": "notify"
+            "onAutoForward": "notify"
-      }
+        }
-    }
+    },
-  }
+    "initializeCommand": "gdb -ex 'set confirm off' -ex quit",  // 初始化GDB配置
+    "postAttachCommand": "make debug"  // 假设你的Makefile有debug目标
+}

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Debug fork",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/fork",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "build-fork"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Debug execlp",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/execlp",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "build-execlp"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Debug All",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/fork", // 默认调试fork
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "build-all"
+        }
+    ]
+}

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "build-fork",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "make",
+            "args": ["fork"],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "build-execlp",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "make",
+            "args": ["execlp"],
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "build-all",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "make",
+            "group": "build",
+            "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "clean",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "make",
+            "args": ["clean"],
+            "group": "build"
+        }
+    ]
+}

Makefile

@@ -2,28 +2,54 @@
 # Makefile for base example
 #
 include ./make.h
- 
 
 # 目标和源文件  
 TARGETS  = fork execlp  
 SOURCES  = $(wildcard $(SRC_DIR)/*.c)  # 找到所有的 .c 文件  
 OBJECTS  = $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%.c,%.o,$(SOURCES)) # 将 .c 替换为 .o  
 
-# 默认目标  
+# 调试标志
-all: $(TARGETS) 
+DEBUG_FLAGS = -g -O0
+CFLAGS += $(DEBUG_FLAGS)  # 确保包含调试信息
 
-#  链接目标文件生成可执行文件  
+# 默认目标  
+all: $(TARGETS)
+
+# 调试目标（与preLaunchTask对应）
+debug: CFLAGS += -DDEBUG -Wall -Wextra
+debug: $(TARGETS)
+
+# 链接目标文件生成可执行文件  
 fork: fork.o  
 	$(CC) -o fork fork.o  
 
 execlp: execlp.o  
 	$(CC) -o execlp execlp.o  
 
-#  从 .c 文件编译生成 .o 文件  
+# 从 .c 文件编译生成 .o 文件  
 %.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.c  
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(COMMON_INCLUDE_DIRS) -c $< -o $@  
 
+# 清理目标
 clean:  
-	$(RM) -f $(TARGETS) $(OBJECTS) 
+	$(RM) -f $(TARGETS) $(OBJECTS) *.o
 
+# 运行目标
+run-fork: fork
+	./fork
 
+run-execlp: execlp
+	./execlp
+
+# GDB调试目标
+gdb-fork: fork
+	gdb ./fork
+
+gdb-execlp: execlp
+	gdb ./execlp
+
+# 安装目录结构（如果需要）
+install-dirs:
+	mkdir -p $(SRC_DIR) $(BUILD_DIR)
+
+.PHONY: all debug clean run-fork run-execlp gdb-fork gdb-execlp install-dirs

src/execlp.c

@@ -3,29 +3,37 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h> 
 
-int main(int argc, char * argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-	int pid;
+    (void)argc;  // 明确标记未使用
-	/* fork another process */
+    (void)argv;  // 消除编译器警告
-	pid = fork();
+    
-	if (pid<0) 
+    pid_t pid = fork(); // 使用pid_t类型更规范
-	{ 
+    
-		/* error occurred */
+    if (pid < 0) { 
-		fprintf(stderr,"Fork Failed!");
+        /* 错误处理 */
-		exit(-1);
+        perror("Fork Failed"); 
-	} 
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);    // 使用标准失败码
-	else if (pid==0) 
+    } 
-	{
+    else if (pid == 0) {
-		/*	 child process 	*/
+        /* 子进程 */
-		execlp("/bin/ls","ls",NULL);
+        execlp("/bin/ls", "ls", (char *)NULL); // 确保NULL转换为(char *)
-	} 
+        
-	else 
+        // 如果exec失败才会执行到这里
-	{ 	
+        perror("Exec Failed");
-		/* 	parent process	 */
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-		/* parent will wait for the child to complete*/
+    } 
-		wait(NULL);
+    else {     
-		printf("Child Complete!");
+        /* 父进程 */
-		exit(0);
+        int status;
-	}
+        wait(&status);  // 获取子进程退出状态
-}
+        
-
+        if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+            printf("Child Completed with status: %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
+        } else {
+            printf("Child terminated abnormally\n");
+        }
+        
+        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); // 使用标准成功码
+    }
+}